Cellular and molecular processes in ovarian cancer metastasis
نویسندگان
چکیده
21 Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. It is usually diagnosed at a late 22 stage, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. The majority of ovarian cancer cases are 23 diagnosed after tumors have widely spread within the peritoneal cavity, limiting the effectiveness 24 of debulking surgery and chemotherapy. Owing to a substantially lower survival rate at late 25 stages of disease than at earlier stages, the major cause of ovarian cancer deaths is believed to 26 be therapy-resistant metastasis. Although metastasis plays a crucial role in promoting ovarian 27 tumor progression and decreasing patient survival rates, the underlying mechanisms of ovarian 28 cancer spread have yet to be thoroughly explored. For many years, researchers have believed 29 that ovarian cancer metastasizes via a passive mechanism by which ovarian cancer cells are 30 shed from the primary tumor and carried by the physiological movement of peritoneal fluid to the 31 peritoneum and omentum. However, the recent discovery of hematogenous metastasis of 32 ovarian cancer to the omentum via circulating tumor cells instigated rethinking of the mode of 33 ovarian cancer metastasis and importance of the “seed and soil” hypothesis for ovarian cancer 34 metastasis. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which ovarian cancer cells 35 metastasize from the primary tumor to the omentum, the cross-talk signaling events between 36 ovarian cancer cells and various stromal cells that play crucial roles in ovarian cancer 37 metastasis, and the possible clinical implications of these findings in the management of this 38 deadly, highly metastatic disease. 39 40
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تاریخ انتشار 2015